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31.
Yoga Sugama Salim Norsyazlin Abd Rashid Suhaila Idayu Abdul Halim Chin Han Chan Chong Hup Ong Mohamad Kamal Harun 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2021,61(11):2757-2770
Standardization of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) fingerprint region for paints and assessment on the reproducibility using different spectrophotometers were investigated. While selective fingerprint regions may be confusing for technicians/analysts who are non-chemists, we attempt to generalize these regions (e.g., 1300–1000 cm−1 for Epoxy part A and 1400–1000 cm−1 for Epoxy part B) by choosing a universal region (2000–900 cm−1) that works for different paints. Comparison result using a paired student t-test shows that the degree of similarity (r) values from the studied regions are not statistically different. The paint fails the screening analysis occasionally on-site when analyzed using handheld FTIR due to the higher level of noise that gives low r values (r < 0.900 ± 0.002). The same samples were analyzed using a benchtop FTIR and the r values are above 0.900 ± 0.002. While the screening may lead to a false rejection of the sample on-site, there could be occurrence of false acceptance. The on-site screening of EPZ part A with different formulations, for instance, shows that the r values over the entire IR spectrum are above 0.900 ± 0.002 when analyzed using handheld FTIR. After the samples were analyzed using the benchtop, the r values fall below 0.900 ± 0.002. 相似文献
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Development and Verification of Simulation Model Based on Real MANET Experiments for Transport Layer Protocols (UDP and TCP) 总被引:5,自引:5,他引:0
Joarder Mohammad Mustafa Kamal Mohammad Shahidul Hasan Alison L. Griffiths Hongnian Yu 《国际自动化与计算杂志》2013,10(1):53-63
There is a lack of appropriate guidelines for realistic user traces, mobility models, routing protocols, considerations of real-life challenges, etc. for general-purpose mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). In this paper, four laptops are used in an open field environment in four scenarios to evaluate the performances of Internet control message protocol (ICMP) based ping and transmission control protocol (TCP) based streaming video applications using optimised link state routing (OLSR) implementation in an IEEE 802.11g wireless network. Corresponding simulations are developed in Network Simulator ns-2 by setting simulation parameters according to the real experiments. Difficulties faced to regenerate real-life scenarios have been discussed and the gaps between reality and simulation are identified. A setup guideline to produce realistic simulation results has been established. 相似文献
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Wickramaratna Kasun Kubat Miroslav Premaratne Kamal 《Knowledge and Data Engineering, IEEE Transactions on》2009,21(7):985-998
Existing research in association mining has focused mainly on how to expedite the search for frequently co-occurring groups of items in “shopping cart” type of transactions; less attention has been paid to methods that exploit these “frequent itemsets” for prediction purposes. This paper contributes to the latter task by proposing a technique that uses partial information about the contents of a shopping cart for the prediction of what else the customer is likely to buy. Using the recently proposed data structure of itemset trees (IT-trees), we obtain, in a computationally efficient manner, all rules whose antecedents contain at least one item from the incomplete shopping cart. Then, we combine these rules by uncertainty processing techniques, including the classical Bayesian decision theory and a new algorithm based on the Dempster-Shafer (DS) theory of evidence combination. 相似文献
36.
A fundamental challenge in the design of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is to maximize their lifetimes especially when they have a limited and non-replenishable energy supply. To extend the network lifetime, power management and energy-efficient communication techniques at all layers become necessary. In this paper, we present solutions for the data gathering and routing problem with in-network aggregation in WSNs. Our objective is to maximize the network lifetime by utilizing data aggregation and in-network processing techniques. We particularly focus on the joint problem of optimal data routing with data aggregation en route such that the above mentioned objective is achieved. We present Grid-based Routing and Aggregator Selection Scheme (GRASS), a scheme for WSNs that can achieve low energy dissipation and low latency without sacrificing quality. GRASS embodies optimal (exact) as well as heuristic approaches to find the minimum number of aggregation points while routing data to the Base-Station (BS) such that the network lifetime is maximized. Our results show that, when compared to other schemes, GRASS improves system lifetime with acceptable levels of latency in data aggregation and without sacrificing data quality. 相似文献
37.
Xiaoping Tu Louis-A. Dessaint Roger Champagne Kamal Al-Haddad 《Mathematics and computers in simulation》2010,81(2):194-207
Most simulation models of electric machines use the coupled circuit approach, where the machine is considered as an electric circuit element with time-varying inductances (abc model) or with constant inductances (dq0 model). On the other hand, the rotating magnetic field approach, which considers the electric machine as two groups of windings producing rotating magnetic fields and can give insight into internal phenomena of the machines, has not yet received much attention in electric machines modeling, especially for machine transient analysis. Based on the rotating magnetic field approach, this paper presents a transient model of the induction machine including main flux saturation effect. Based on the direct computation of the magnetizing fluxes of all machine windings, the model represents instantaneous main flux saturation by simply introducing a main flux saturation factor. No iteration process is involved to incorporate the saturation effects. The model combines the advantages of the dq0 and abc models advantages, such as rapid computation time and nonsymmetrical conditions simulation, respectively. The simulation results and the experimental tests show advantages and verification of the model. 相似文献
38.
Payman HashemiAuthor Vitae Mohammad HosseiniAuthor VitaeKiomars ZargooshAuthor Vitae Kamal AlizadehAuthor Vitae 《Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical》2011,153(1):24-28
A novel Ni2+ optode was prepared by covalent immobilization of thionine, 3,7-diamine-5-phenothiazoniom thionineacetate, in a transparent agarose membrane. Influences of various experimental parameters on Ni2+ sensing, including the reaction time, the solution pH and the concentration of reagents were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, a linear response was obtained for Ni2+ concentrations ranging from 1.00 × 10−10 to 1.00 × 10−7 mol l−1 with an R2 value of 0.9985. The detection limit (3σ) of the method for Ni2+ was 9.30 × 10−11 mol l−1. The influence of several potentially interfering ions such as Ag+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Co3+, Cr3+, Al3+ and Fe3+ on the determination of Ni2+ was studied and no significant interference was observed. The membrane showed a good durability and short response time with no evidence of reagent leaching. The membrane was successfully applied for the determination of Ni2+ in environmental water samples. 相似文献
39.
A numerical study is presented for the two-dimensional flow of a micropolar fluid in a porous channel. The channel walls are of different permeability. The fluid motion is superimposed by the large injection at the two walls and is assumed to be steady, laminar and incompressible. The micropolar model due to Eringen is used to describe the working fluid. The governing equations of motion are reduced to a set of non-linear coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in dimensionless form by using an extension of Berman’s similarity transformations. A numerical algorithm based on finite difference discretization is employed to solve these ODEs. The results obtained are further improved by Richardson’s extrapolation for higher order accuracy. Comparisons with the previously published work are performed and are found to be in a good agreement. It has been observed that the velocity and microrotation profiles change from the most asymmetric shape to the symmetric shape across the channel as the parameter R or the permeability parameter A are varied between their extreme values. The results indicate that larger the injection velocity at a wall relative to the other is, smaller will be the shear stress at it than that at the other. The position of viscous layer has been found to be more sensitive to the permeability parameter A than to the parameter R. The micropolar fluids reduce shear stress and increase couple stress at the walls as compared to the Newtonian fluids. 相似文献
40.
The Bazanski approach to deriving paths is applied to Finsler geometry. The approach is generalized and applied to a new developed geometry called “Absolute parallelism with Finslerian Flavor” (FAP). A set of path equations is derived for the FAP. It is a horizontal (h) set. A striking feature in this set is that the coefficient of the torsion term jumps by a step of one-half from one equation to the other. It is tempting to believe that the h-set admits some quantum features. Comparisons with the corresponding sets in other geometries are given. Conditions for reducing the set of path equations obtained to well-known path equations in some geometries are summarized in a schematic diagram. 相似文献